The experiment is conducted with 11 subjects diagnosed with ADHD by pediatricians and psychiatrists. Binaural Beats (10 Hz via wired earphones, sine waves) are used for audio, and pulses of light (10 Hz via VR device) are used for visual entrainment. This audio-visual entrainment is done for 20 days with 15 minutes of entrainment per day. EEG was recorded pre and post entrainment sessions using an Emotiv Epoc X device. The analysis revealed an improvement in 8 subjects out of 11 subjects in terms of attention and spatial learning. [0]
As for binaural beats and isochronic tones, it's all about using the right frequencies, how you transition between them, how you combine tones or beats with other music or sounds, the carrier frequency, how you synchronize lights with the tones or beats, and so on.
IMO controls are genuinely hard in AVE/VR studies. There isn't an obvious "inert" placebo, no light/sound removes immersion, random flashes or audio still affect arousal, and even "wrong" frequencies can entrain.
VR-only controls help, but don't isolate sensory stimulation. That's why many early AVE studies use pre/post designs and treat results as exploratory rather than definitive.
From the paper:
The experiment is conducted with 11 subjects diagnosed with ADHD by pediatricians and psychiatrists. Binaural Beats (10 Hz via wired earphones, sine waves) are used for audio, and pulses of light (10 Hz via VR device) are used for visual entrainment. This audio-visual entrainment is done for 20 days with 15 minutes of entrainment per day. EEG was recorded pre and post entrainment sessions using an Emotiv Epoc X device. The analysis revealed an improvement in 8 subjects out of 11 subjects in terms of attention and spatial learning. [0]
[0] https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21622965.2025.2...
In my own experience, I find VR helpful for ADHD. Curious if this applies to more than Binaural Beats and 10z flashes.
You can check out this VR app, it's pretty good: https://sidequestvr.com/app/2054/visitations
As for binaural beats and isochronic tones, it's all about using the right frequencies, how you transition between them, how you combine tones or beats with other music or sounds, the carrier frequency, how you synchronize lights with the tones or beats, and so on.
Is this really a study without a control?
IMO controls are genuinely hard in AVE/VR studies. There isn't an obvious "inert" placebo, no light/sound removes immersion, random flashes or audio still affect arousal, and even "wrong" frequencies can entrain.
VR-only controls help, but don't isolate sensory stimulation. That's why many early AVE studies use pre/post designs and treat results as exploratory rather than definitive.
Interesting, I'm using Endel for a year or so. I did install the app here, but it's definitely not polished.
Like answering the first questionaire and not saving it, so I tested only one of the default scenarios.
The flashlights are too strong for me. The subtle drawings that Endel uses are nicer.